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Statement: Adopted by the full Medical Board of
California on May 7, 2004
On November 5, 1996, the people of California
passed Proposition 215. Through this Initiative Measure, Section
11362.5 was added to the Health & Safety Code, and is also known
as the Compassionate Use Act of 1996. The purposes of the Act
include, in part:
"(A) To ensure that seriously ill Californians have the right
to obtain and use marijuana for medical purposes where the
medical use is deemed appropriate and has been recommended by
a physician who has determined that the person's health would
benefit from the use of marijuana in the treatment of cancer,
anorexia, AIDS, chronic pain, spasticity, glaucoma, arthritis,
migraine, or any other illness for which marijuana provides
relief; and
(B) To ensure that patients and their primary caregivers who
obtain and use marijuana for medical purposes upon the
recommendation of a physician are not subject to criminal
prosecution or sanction."
Furthermore, Health & Safety Code section
11362.5(c) provides strong protection for physicians who choose
to participate in the implementation of the Act. -
"Notwithstanding any other provision of law, no physician in
this state shall be punished, or denied any right or privilege,
for having recommended marijuana to a patient for medical
purposes."
The Medical Board of California developed
this statement since medical marijuana is an emerging treatment
modality. The Medical Board wants to assure physicians who
choose to recommend medical marijuana to their patients, as part
of their regular practice of medicine, that they WILL NOT be
subject to investigation or disciplinary action by the MBC if
they arrive at the decision to make this recommendation in
accordance with accepted standards of medical responsibility.
The mere receipt of a complaint that the physician is
recommending medical marijuana will not generate an
investigation absent additional information indicating that the
physician is not adhering to accepted medical standards.
These accepted standards are the same as any
reasonable and prudent physician would follow when recommending
or approving any other medication, and include the following:
- History and good faith examination of the patient.
- Development of a treatment plan with objectives.
- Provision of informed consent including discussion of side
effects.
- Periodic review of the treatment's efficacy.
- Consultation, as necessary.
- Proper record keeping that supports the decision to
recommend the use of medical marijuana.
In other words, if physicians use the same
care in recommending medical marijuana to patients as they would
recommending or approving any other medication, they have
nothing to fear from the Medical Board.
Here are some important points to consider
when recommending medical marijuana:
- Although it could trigger federal action, making a
recommendation in writing to the patient will not trigger
action by the Medical Board of California.
- A patient need not have failed on all standard
medications, in order for a physician to recommend or approve
the use of medical marijuana.
- The physician should determine that medical marijuana use
is not masking an acute or treatable progressive condition, or
that such use will lead to a worsening of the patient's
condition.
- The Act names certain medical conditions for which medical
marijuana may be useful, although physicians are not limited
in their recommendations to those specific conditions. In all
cases, the physician should base his/her determination on the
results of clinical trials, if available, medical literature
and reports, or on experience of that physician or other
physicians, or on credible patient reports. In all cases, the
physician must determine that the risk/benefit ratio of
medical marijuana is as good, or better, than other
medications that could be used for that individual patient.
- A physician who is not the primary treating physician may
still recommend medical marijuana for a patient's symptoms.
However, it is incumbent upon that physician to consult with
the patient's primary treating physician or obtain the
appropriate patient records to confirm the patient's
underlying diagnosis and prior treatment history.
- The initial examination for the condition for which
medical marijuana is being recommended must be in-person.
- Recommendations should be limited to the time necessary to
appropriately monitor the patient. Periodic reviews should
occur and be documented at least annually or more frequently
as warranted.
- If a physician recommends or approves the use of medical
marijuana for a minor, the parents or legal guardians must be
fully informed of the risks and benefits of such use and must
consent to that use.
Physicians may wish to refer to CMA's ON-CALL
Document #1315 titled "The Compassionate Use Act of 1996",
updated annually for additional information and guidance
(http://www.cmanet.org/bookstore/freeoncall2.cfm/CMAOnCall1315.pdf?call_number=1315&CFID=745764&CFTOKEN=27566287).
Although the Compassionate Use Act allows the
use of medical marijuana by a patient upon the recommendation or
approval of a physician, California physicians should bear in
mind that marijuana is listed in Schedule I of the federal
Controlled Substances Act, which means that it has no accepted
medical use under federal law. However, in Conant v. Walters
(9th Cir.2002) F.3d 629 the United States Court of Appeals
recognized that physicians have a constitutionally-protected
right to discuss medical marijuana as a treatment option with
their patients and make oral or written recommendation for
medical marijuana. However, the court cautioned that physicians
could exceed the scope of this constitutional protection if they
conspire with, or aid and abet, their patients in obtaining
medical marijuana. |
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